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Rjevqy
D”P MÖx®§xq ZvcgvÎv Ges fvixel©Ymn µvšxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi †`k evsjv‡`k\| kxZKvj VvÛv Ges ï®‹\| `w¶Y Ges `w¶Y cwð‡gi nvIqv GwcÖj gv‡mi gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡K A‡±ve‡ii gvSvgvwS mgq ch©š cÖevwnZ nq Ges fviZ gnvmvMi I e‡½vcmvMi n‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡b Av`ª©Zv e‡q Av‡b\| †gvU e„wócv‡Zi kZKiv 95 fvM e„wócvZ G mg‡q n‡q _v‡K hv M‡o 80 BwÂ (2040 wgwjwgUvi)\| Rvbyqvix n‡Z GwcÖj gvm ch©š Mo ZvcgvÎv hv_vµ‡g 68 wWMÖx dv‡ibnvBU (18 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖW) I 86 wWMÖx dv‡ibnvBU (30 wWMÖx †mw›U‡MÖW) Gi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb K‡i\|

FZzmg–n
HwZn¨MZfv‡e evsjv eQi QqwU FZz‡Z wef³t MÖx®§, el©v, kir, †ngš, kxZ I emš\| ev¯‡e PviwU FZz fv‡jvfv‡e Abyfe Kiv hvq, †m¸‡jv n‡”Q MÖx®§, el©v, †ngš Ges kxZKvj\| GwcÖj gv‡m cwðgv evZvm ev Kvj‰ekvLx Somn e„wócvZ Avi‡¤¢i ga¨ w`‡q MÖx®§ FZzi AvMgb N‡U\| el©v †gŠmy‡gi ïi“‡Z Ry‡bi wØZxq mßvn n‡Z fvixel©Y Avi¤¢ nq Ges Mo ZvcgvÎv 80 wWMÖx dv‡ibnvB‡U †b‡g Av‡m\| fvixel©Y `y n‡Z wZb gvm ch©š ¯’vqx n‡q eb¨v wb‡q Av‡m Ges dm‡ji gvV I b`xi Kyj fvwm‡q †`q\| b‡f¤^i gv‡mi †kl mßvn n‡Z KbK‡b VvÛ nvIqvi ga¨ w`‡q kx‡Zi AvMgb ïi“ nq Ges Zv †deª“qvixi gvSvgvwS ch©š ¯’vqx nq\| ga¨ †deª“qvix n‡Z Avb›``vqK I gvazixZ…ß em‡ši AvMg‡Y kx‡Zi ZxeªZv n«vm cvq\|

Rxe ˆewPÎ¨
c„w_exi Av‡bK †`‡ki †P‡q evsjv‡`k DbœZ Rxe-ˆewPÎ¨ aviY K‡i\| cÖK…Zc‡¶, c„w_exi ¯^ímsL¨K †`kB Zvi mg„× I eû wewPÎ Dw™¢`m¤•` I RxeKz‡ji g‡a¨ Lvc LvIqv‡Z cv‡i\| evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq dzj kvcjv Ges i‡qj †e½j UvBMvi n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq cï, hv my›`ieb‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q\| my›`ieb wek¦ HwZn¨ wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z\|

RbMY
`„p gj RvwZmË¡v Ges D‡`¨vMx ¯•„nv I m„Rbkxj `¶Zv wb‡q wek¦vq‡bi Kvh©mPx‡Z evsjv‡`kx RbMY Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GK we‡kl RvMiY m„wó Ki‡Q\| BwZnvm mg„× GK g‡bvgy»Ki aiYx Ges Kvi“Kvh©mg„× ms¯‹…wZ‡Z RbMY ¯^xq e„w× I `¶Zvq A`g¨ cwikÖ‡g e×cwiKi I w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvq Zv‡`i ¸Y Gi Rb¨ Mwe©Z\| evsjv‡`kxiv mij cÖK…wZi eÜzmyjf I AwZw_civqb\| 130 wgwjqb RbmsL¨v wb‡q Rbeûj ivó« wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb Aóg\| RbmsL¨vi Nb‡Z¡i w`K w`‡q GwU GKwU Ab¨Zg †`k\| RbM‡Yi cÖavb Lv`¨ fvZ, hv mvaviYZ gvQ, ZiKvix I Wvj w`‡q LvIqv nq\| AwaKvsk gwnjvivB kvox cwiavb K‡i Ges cyi“liv Óm¨visÓ cwiavb K‡i hv ¯’vbxq fvlvq Òjyw½Ó ejv n‡q _v‡K\| ev½vjx eskaiiv weMZ cuvP nvRvi eQi a‡i RvwZMZ I DcRvwZMZfv‡e wef³ n‡q `w¶Y Gwkqvq AbycÖ‡ek K‡i\| Kvjµ‡g Zviv GLb GKwU GKK RvwZmË¡vmn GKwU mvaviY fvlv evsjvq K‡_vcK_b K‡ib\| †h‡Kvb fv‡e wKQy †QvU †QvU RvwZ Zv‡`i ¯^xq fvlv I ms¯‹…wZ mnKv‡i GLv‡b Av‡Qb\| 2000 mv‡j Rš§nvi n«vm †c‡q kZKiv 1.5 fv‡M †b‡g Av‡m, wkw¶‡Zi nvi eZ©gv‡b kZKiv lv‡Ui D‡aŸ© hv kÖxjsKvi ci `w¶Y Gwkqvq m‡e©v”P\| Rš§Kvjxb Rxeb m¤¢vebv GLb lvU erm‡ii D‡aŸ© (2000 mv‡j 60.8 ermi)\|

fvlv
evsjv‡`‡ki ivó«xq fvlv evsjv kZKiv 99 fv‡Mi †ekx †jvK evsjvq K_v e‡j\| evsjvi cvkvcvwk Bs‡iRx fvlvI kn‡ii †jvKRb e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb\| we‡k¦i eûj e¨eüZ fvlv¸wji g‡a¨ evsjv Ab¨Zg\| ¸ß evw¶¥wjwc †_‡K mivmwi evsjv cvÛzwjwc D™¢yZ n‡q‡Q hv _vB Ges K‡¤^vwWqvi cvÛwjwci mv‡_ mvgÄm¨cY©\| `kg kZvwã‡Z GB cvÛzwjwc DrcwË jvf K‡i\| evsjv Ggb GKwU mg„× fvlv hv wPšv Ges Abyfe‡K m‡e©vËgfv‡e Avqbvi gZ cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g\| Pvwc‡q †`qv we‡`kx fvlv D`y© †_‡K gvZ…fvlv‡K i¶v Ges msi¶‡Yi Rb¨ ev½vjxiv 1952 mv‡ji 21†k †deª“qvix‡Z ey‡Ki ZvRv i³ Sivb\| fvlv knx`‡`i ¯§i‡Y 1999 mv‡j BD‡b‡¯‹v KZ…©K 21†k †deª“qvix‡K mviv we‡k¦ AvšR©vwZK gvZ…fvlv w`em †NvlYv Kiv nq\| evsjv fvlv mg„× n‡q‡Q Zvi KweZv, †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, iPbv I bvUK bvwUKvi gva¨‡g\| evsjv fvlvi `yRb weL¨vZ Kwei GKRb n‡jb-iex›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1863-1940) Ges AciRb evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRi“j Bmjvg\|

ag©
kZKiv cÖvq AvUvwk fvM †jvK cÖfvekvjx Bmjvg a‡g©i AbyMZ\| RbM‡Yi cÖvq kZKiv 10 fvM wn›`y ag©vej¤^x, evwKme †eŠ×, Lªxóvb Ges me©cÖvYev`x\| †jvKRb mvaviYZ avwg©K Ges Zv‡`i ¯^ ¯^ agx©q AvPvi Abyôvb cvj‡b AbyivMx Ges h_vh_ Drmvn I DÏxcbvi mv‡_ agx©q Abyôvb cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb\| evsjv‡`k agx©q m½wZ I mnbkxjZvi GK Abb¨ `„óvš\| miKvix c„ô‡cvlKZvq wewfbœ agx©q m¤•Ö`vq Ges †Mvôx kvwšcY©fv‡e emevm K‡i Ges msL¨vjNyiv mvgvwRK cÖwZwbwaZ¡gjK Kg©Kv‡Û Ges miKvix kvmb h‡š mgvbfv‡e Ask MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb\|

mgq
MÖxwbP& gvb mg‡qi †P‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vbxq mgq 6 N›Uv GwM‡q Av‡Q\| ïµ Ges kwbevi mvßvwnK miKvix QywU\| Awdm mgq mKvj 9Uv n‡Z weKvj 5Uv\|

BwZnvm
evsjv‡`k‡K cÖvPxb f–wg‡Z mvaviYZt GKwU ZzjbvgjKfv‡e bZzb RvwZ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq\| eû Z¨vM wZwZ¶vi wewbg‡q `xN© †gqv`x I i³¶qx ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i wewbg‡q ¯^vaxb †`k wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki Afz¨`q n‡qwQj\| †`kwUi BwZnvm †hgb cÖvPxb †Zgwb NUbveûj\| evsjv‡`k GKmgq m¤•` Ges mg„w×‡Z weL¨vZ wQj\| eyrcwËMZfv‡e evsjv‡`k kãwU mg‡MvÎxq Òf¨vsMvÓ kã n‡Z D™¢yZ, hv me©cÖ_g 5000 Lªxó ce© Ges 500 Lªxóv‡ãi g‡a¨ wn›`y ag© kv¯ ÒAqUvwi Aivb‡KÓ iPbvi gva¨‡g DwjwLZ n‡qwQj\| AmsL¨ b`x I †mªvZvavivi ms‡hvM I mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g m„ó evsjv‡`k we‡k¦i GKwU e„nr b`xgvZ…K I e„wó cÖavb †`k Ges Gi evwn¨K AvKviI wba©vwiZ n‡qwQj D³ b`x I †mªvZavivmg‡ni mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g Ges GwU cÖwZwbqZfv‡e Zv‡`i ØvivB cwiewZ©Z n‡qwQj\| fz-ZvwË¡K mv¶¨ wb‡`©k K‡i †h, GK n‡Z mv‡o Qq wgwjqb eQi Av‡M Z…Zxq hy‡M evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk MwVZ n‡qwQj\| G AÂ‡j gvbe emev‡mi welqwU AwZ cÖvPxb hvi gj cÖvq GKk nvRvi (100000) eQi Av‡M Òc¨v‡jIwjw_KÓ mf¨Zvi hy‡M †cÖvw_Z e‡j wek¦vm Kiv nq\| AwZ cÖvPxbKv‡j me©cÖ_‡g A‡ó¨ Gwkqvb RvwZ‡Mvwô GB AÂ‡j emevm K‡i‡Q\| Zvici cwðg fviZ †_‡K `ªvweoiv Av‡mb Ges cieZx©‡Z ga¨ Gwkqv †_‡K Avh© RvwZiv Av‡mb\| Gici g‡½vwjqvb, cvwm©vqvb, ZzKx© Ges AvdMvb‡`i AvMgb ïi“ nq\| civµgkvjx M½vwi`vB Ges †cÖ‡mvB mvgªv‡R¨i Ae¯’vb wQj evsjv‡`‡k\| Lªxó ce© PZz_© kZvwãi MÖxK Drm n‡Z Rvbv hvq †h, GB eØxc AÂ‡ji Awaevwmiv gnvgwZ Av‡jKR¨vÛvi Gi ce©gLx AMÖhvÎv‡K cÖwZnZ Kivi Rb¨ e¨vcK mvgwiK cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡iwQj\| cieZx© †iKW©m( `wjjvw`), cv_y‡i †Lv`vB, gy`ªv Ges Aj¼vivw` evsjv‡`‡ki gwngvwš^Z I †MŠiegq AZx‡Zi Bw½Zevnx mg„× DËivwaKvi Ges mf¨Zvi HwZn¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i\| evsjv‡`‡ki †KŠkjMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`k ¯§iYvZxZKvj n‡Z mg„×kxj AvMgbx e›`i wn‡m‡e Ges `w¶Y Gwkqv I `–i cÖv‡P¨i g‡a¨ e¨emv I evwY‡R¨i ga¨¯ZvKvix †`k wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Avm‡Q\| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖfve me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q Ges G AÂj Zvi mg„× DËivwaKvi, HwZn¨, wkíKjv I ¯’vcZ¨, ms¯‹…wZ I wk¶v Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki we¯@…Z GjvKvq I Zvi evB‡iI Qvwo‡q †`Iqvi Rb¨ GK e¨vcK wfwË¯^iƒc f–wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q\| BwZnvm mv¶¨ †`q †h, gvDwiqvm (Lªxó ce© PZz_© n‡Z cÂg kZvwã), ¸ß mvgªvR¨ (Lªxóvã PZz_© n‡Z cÂg kZvwã ch©š), kkvsK mvgªvR¨ (Lªxóvã mßg kZvwã ch©š), cvj ivResk (Lªxóvã 750-1162 ch©š) Ges †mb ivResk (Lªxóvã 162-1223 ch©š) ch©vqµwgKfv‡e GLv‡b Zv‡`i wbqšY cÖwZôv K‡iwQj\| Zvici Av‡m gymjgvb‡`i `xN© avivevwnK kvmb (1957 mvj ch©š) hLb GB AÂjwU A_©‰bwZK cÖvPzh©Zvi kxl©¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡QwQj\| cÖK…Zc‡¶ 1757 mv‡j e„wUkiv hw` AvwacZ¨ we¯vi bv Ki‡Zv Z‡e evsjv‡`k Zvi m‡e©vËg e‡¯i DrKl©Zvi Kvi‡Y wkí wece AR©‡bi †¶‡Î Gwkqvi cÖ_g †`k wn‡m‡e Avwefz©Z n‡Z cvi‡Zv\| e„wUk kvmb hv evsjv‡`k n‡Z ïi“ n‡qwQj cieZx©‡Z mgMÖ Dcgnv‡`‡k we¯…wZ jvf K‡iwQj\| Dcgnv‡`k †_‡K e„wUk‡`i P‡j hvIqvi ci fviZ Ges cvwK¯vb bv‡g `yÕwU c„_K iv‡ó« wef³ nq\| evsjv‡`k cvwK¯v‡bi ce©vÂj wn‡m‡e MwVZ nq\| hw`I msL¨vi wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`kxiv msL¨vMwiô wQj, ZeyI evsjv‡`kxiv GK Ab¨vq I Ab¨vh¨ e¨envi †c‡qwQj Ges cvwK¯vbx kvmK‡Mvôx KZ…©K mvs¯‹…wZK, fvlvMZ, RvwZmË¡vi wfbœZv Ges A_©‰bwZK ˆelg¨, eÂbv I †kvl‡Yi Kvi‡Y AbwZwej‡¤^ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vqZ¡ kvm‡bi Av‡›`vjb ïi“ n‡qwQj\| 1952 mv‡ji HwZnvwmK fvlv Av‡›`vjb wQj evsjv‡`kx‡`i g‡a¨ me©v½xb cÖ_g RvMiY Ges Zv‡`i GB RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai Abyf–wZi ùziY, hv cieZx©‡Z 1971 mv‡ji gnvb ¯^vaxbZv hy×‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡iwQ\| `Lj`vi evwnbxi kZ©nxb AvZœmgc©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`kx RbM‡Yi Pzovš weR‡qi w`bwU wQj 1971 mv‡ji 16B wW‡m¤^i\|

AvBb I wePvi c×wZ
fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k `yÕk eQ‡ii e„wUk kvm‡bi wbKU cÖavbZ evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb AvBb I wePvi e¨e¯’v Zvi DrcwËi Rb¨ FYx, hw`I Gi wKQy wKQy Dcv`vb cÖvK-e„wUk Avg‡ji ce©eZx© wn›`y Ges gymwjg cÖkvm‡bi Aewkóvsk wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡qwQj\| GUv wewfbœ avc ev ch©vq AwZµg K‡i Gm‡Q Ges avivewnK HwZnvwmK cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e ch©vqµ‡g DbœwZ jvf K‡iwQj\| G weKv‡ki cÖwµqvwU AvswkK ¯^‡`kx I AvswkK we‡`kx Ges eZ©gv‡bi AvBb e¨e¯’v GKwU wgkÖ e¨e¯’v n‡Z MÖnY Kiv nq hv‡Z Av‡Q MVb cÖYvjx, AvBbMZ aviYv I bxwZgvjv Ges hv‡Z B‡›`v-†gvNj Ges Bswjk Dfq AvBbB Av`k© wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q\| fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki e„wUk Avg‡ji ce©eZx© gymwjg I wn›`y Avgj m¤•‡K© cvuPk eQ‡iiI †ekx BwZnvm Rvbv Av‡Q Ges G ai‡bi ce©eZx© Avg‡ji cÖ‡Z¨KwUi wbR¯^ ¯^Zš AvBb e¨e¯’v wQj\|
cÖvq c‡biÕk eQi Av‡M Ges Lªxóxq hyM Avi¤¢ nIqvi c‡i wn›`y Avg‡ji we¯…wZ N‡U\| cÖvPxb fviZel©‡K KwZcq ¯^vaxb iv‡R¨ wefš Kiv n‡qwQj Ges ivR¨ wQj cÖ‡Z¨KwU iv‡R¨i me©gq KZ…©c¶\| wePvi e¨e¯’v Z_v b¨vq wePvi cÖm‡½ ivR¨ b¨vq wePv‡ii SY©v wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Zb Ges Zvi ivR‡Z¡ wePvi cÖkvm‡bi m‡e©v”P KZ…©c¶ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡Zb\|
1100 Lªxóv‡ã fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k gymjgvb kvmK‡`i AvµgY I weR‡qi Kvi‡Y gvmjgvb Avg‡ji ïi“ nq\| GKv`k kZvwãi ïi“‡Z Ges Øv`k kZvwãi µvwšj‡Mœ gymjgvb kvmK‡`i Avµg‡Yi gy‡L wn›`y ivRZ¡ ch©vµ‡g LÛ weLÛ n‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj\| hLb gymjgvbiv mKj ivR¨ Rq K‡iwQj, ZLb Zviv Zv‡`i agx©q MÖš’ cweÎ †Kviv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i gZev`I Zv‡`i mv‡_ K‡i G‡bwQj\| cweÎ †KviAvb Abymv‡i mve©‡fŠgZ¡ me©kw³gvb Avjvn Gi nv‡Z b¨¯ Ges ivRv n‡”Q c„w_ex‡Z Avjvni B”Qv I Av‡`k cvjbKvix GK AbyMZ `vm\| kvmK wQj me©kw³gvb Avjvni cQ›`bxq cÖwZwbwa Ges wR¤§v`vi\|
cÖvPxb fvi‡Zi AvBb I wePvi e¨e¯’vi AvaywbKvq‡bi fvi KwZcq e„wUk bvMwiK MÖnY K‡iwQj hviv GLv‡b G‡mwQj e¨emvwqK †Kv¤•vbx wn‡m‡e KwZcq e„wUk ivRKxq mb‡`i Aaxb\| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vbx ch©vqµ‡g †ev‡¤^, gv`ªvR Ges KjKvZvi `Lj MÖnY I wbqšY cÖwZôv K‡i, hv cieZx©‡Z Ò†cÖwm‡WwÝ UvDbÓ wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i\| Ae‡k‡l ¯’vbxq KZ…©c‡¶i mn‡hvwMZvq †Kv¤•vbx wePvi cÖkvm‡bi Kvh©µ‡g Ask MÖnY K‡iwQj\| ivRv cÖ_g RR© KZ…©K Bmy¨K…Z 1726 mv‡ji mb`, hvi gva¨‡g †Kv¤•vbx‡K evwY‡R¨i Rb¨ Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb Kiv nq, fvi‡Z Bswjk j I wePvi e¨e¯’v Pvjyi †¶‡Î cÖ_g c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQj\| cieZx©‡Z 1726 mv‡ji mb‡`i Î“wUmgn `i Kivi j‡¶¨ ivRv wØZxq RR© KZ…©K 1753 mv‡ji mb` Bmy¨ Kiv nq\| G e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ nvDR Ae Kgbm Gi †Mvcbxq KwgwU n¯‡¶c K‡i Ges †i¸‡jkb G¨v±, 1773 cvk K‡i, hvi Aaxb ivRv KjKvZvq wePvi wefv‡Mi m‡e©v”P Av`vjZ mycÖxg‡KvU© cÖwZôvi j‡¶¨ 1774 mv‡j GKwU c„_K mb` Bmy¨ K‡i\| cieZx©‡Z 1801 mv‡j gv`ªv‡R Ges 1824 mv‡j †ev‡¤^‡Z mycÖxg‡KvU© cÖwZôv Kiv nq\|
fvi‡Z 1853 mv‡j cÖ_g AvBb Kwgkb cÖwZôv Kiv nq Ges GKwU me© fviZxq AvBb mfv m„wó Kiv nq hvi cÖYxZ AvBb mKj Av`vj‡Zi Dci eva¨Ki wQj\| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤•vbx wejyß Kiv n‡qwQj Ges 1857 mv‡ji we‡`ªv‡ni NUbvi ci fvi‡Zi kvmbfvi e„wUk ivRv KZ…©K 1858 mv‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj\| †`Iqvbx Kvh©wewa AvBb, †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb, `Ûwewa, mv¶¨ AvBb BZ¨vw` cÖYqb Kiv n‡qwQj Ges mvaviY AvBbx KvVv‡gvq e„wUk AvBb mfv 1861 mv‡j fviZxq nvB †KvU© AvBb cÖYqb K‡i hvi gva¨‡g wZbwU †cÖwm‡WwÝ kn‡i (KjKvZv, †ev‡¤^ I gv`ªvR) cÖwZwôZ we`¨gvb mycÖxg‡KvU© cÖwZ¯’vcb K‡i nvB‡KvU© ¯’vcb Kiv nq\| nvB‡KvU© cÖwZôvi ci †`Iqvbx I †dŠR`vix Av`vj‡Zi GKwU wbqwgZ µgAwaKviZš cÖwZôv Kiv nq †`Iqvbx Av`vjZ AvBb, 1887 Ges †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb, 1898 Gi gva¨‡g\| fviZxq Dc-gnv‡`‡ki †`Iqvbx I †dŠR`vix Av`vj‡Z we`¨gvb eZ©gvb e¨e¯’vi AvBbMZ wfwË n‡”Q GB †`Iqvbx Av`vjZ AvBb, 1887 Ges †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb, 1898\|
1974 mv‡ji 15 AvMó e„wUk AvBb mfv fviZ I cvwK¯vb †K ¯^vaxb ivó« wnmv‡e †NvlYv K‡i fviZxq ¯^vaxbZv AvBb, 1947 Gi gva¨‡g\| G AvB‡b AviI ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ¯^vaxb fviZ I cvwK¯v‡bi Rb¨ bZzb msweavb iwPZ bv nIqv ch©š G `y‡`‡ki miKvi cwiPvwjZ n‡e fviZ miKvi AvBb, 1935 Gi gva¨‡g\| wePvi wefv‡Mi MVb cÖbvjx 1947 m‡bi Av‡M †hiƒc wQj cÖavbZ ZvB i‡q wM‡q‡Q\|
fviZ miKvi AvBb, 1935 miKv‡ii MVb c×wZ GKK ev †K›`ªxq kvmb c×wZ n‡Z †dWv‡ij c×wZ‡Z cwieZ©b K‡iwQj\| †m wn‡m‡e fviZ Ges cvwK¯vb Dfq †`‡kB bZzb msweab iwPZ bv nIqv ch©š †dWv‡ij Av`vjZ Pvjy ivLv n‡qwQj\| cvwK¯v‡bi MY cwil` ÕwcÖwf KvDwÝj (Awa‡¶Î evwZj) AvBb, 1950Õ cvk K‡iwQj hv cvwK¯v‡bi †dWv‡ij Av`vjZ n‡Z wcÖwf KvDwÝ‡j Avcxj `v‡q‡ii e¨e¯’v‡K evwZj K‡iwQj\| hLb bZzb msweav‡bi AvIZvq cÖ‡`kmg‡n nvB ‡KvU© Ges †K‡›`ª cvwK¯vb mycÖxg †KvU© cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj ZLb 1956 mvj ch©š †dWv‡ij Av`vjZ cvwK¯v‡bi m‡e©v”P Av`vjZ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q\| cvwK¯v‡b 1956 mv‡ji msweavb 1958 mv‡j evwZj Kiv n‡qwQj Ges 1962 mv‡j bZzb Av‡iKwU msweavb Pvjy Kiv nq, wKš‘ mgMÖ wePvi KvVv‡gv GKB i‡q wM‡qwQj\| 1971 mv‡j ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ci 1972 mv‡j evsjv‡`k Zvi msweavb MÖnY K‡iwQj hv‡Z Avcxj wefvM Ges nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi mgš^‡q MwVZ mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i MVb cÖYvjx I Kvh©µg eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q\| GUv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, evsjv‡`‡ki Aat¯b wePvi wefvM, †`Iqvbx I †dŠR`vix Dfq w`K Gi DrcwË n‡qwQj †`Iqvbx Av`vjZ AvBb, 1887 Ges †dŠR`vix Kvh©wewa AvBb 1898 n‡Z\| G QvovI evsjv‡`‡k Av‡iv KwZcq Ab¨vb¨ we‡kl AvBb Av‡Q, hv wKQy we‡kl Av`vj‡Zi wfwË¯^iƒc KvR K‡i, †hgb-kÖg Av`vjZ, wkï Aciva Av`vjZ, cÖkvmwbK UªvBey¨bvj BZ¨vw`\|